The focus of this paper is the scalable modelling and database representation of cybersecurity postures as part of a framework for modelling of security artefacts. A cybersecurity posture describes the current state of protection of a system. During the lifecycle phases of a power plant or manufacturing facility this ...

The frontend and backend are found in all software and therefore also on all websites. These two terms describe two different layers that make up programs or pages. About two thirds of all companies have their own website, and most employees use computers.Globally, cyberattacks are becoming more prominent and spreading ...

OPC UA is a commonly used machine-to-machine communication protocol. As it is used in industrial critical infrastructure, its security is vital. OPC UA has several proprietary and open-source implementations in different programming languages. Among them, a JavaScript implementation node-opcua stands out due to advantages ...

Safety I&C (Instrumentation & Control) and Operational I&C programmable digital systems are growing in complexity at a rapid pace while system designers, project architects, and cyber-security engineers work tirelessly to ensure the safety of the systems by complying with long lists of rules and regulations dictated by ...

This paper aims to enhance cyber security within Electrical Power Systems (EPS) of power plants by extending and using an updated plant simulator. In this paper, we assume a sophisticated attacker, as part of an Advanced Persistent Threat (APT), who gradually damages or manipulates primary assets (in the sense of ISO/IEC ...